Python Variables, Data Types, and Operators: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners
Discover Python's Variables, Data Types, and Operators: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners. Master the building blocks of programming in Python with clear explanations and practical examples.
Variable:
Variables are used to store data. You may think of them as data storage containers. The "=" operator is used to give a variable a value. Below see one analogy-
A variable in mathematics is comparable to a placeholder or an undetermined value. It depicts a number that is variable or has several possible values. Programming variables serve as placeholders for values that may be assigned or changed throughout the execution of a program, much as how you use letters like "x" or "y" to represent unknowns or variables in equations. In the same way that variables in mathematics allow for flexibility and abstraction in solving equations and expressing mathematical notions, they enable you to do computations and handle data using symbolic representations.
Example: x=10 y=20 pi=3.14 etc.
Rules for Declaring a Variable:
- A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character.
- A number cannot come first in a variable name.
- Only underscores (_, 0-9, and A-Z) and alphanumeric characters are permitted in variable names.
- Case matters when naming variables, therefore age, Age, and AGE are all distinct variables.
The techniques that are most frequently utilized to create multi-word variable names include-
- Camel Case: In order to make word boundaries easier to perceive, the second and following words are capitalized. Example: myName="xyz"
- Pascal Case: Similar to Camel Case, except the initial word is capitalized as well. Example: MyName="xyz"
- Snake Case: Underscores are used to divide words Example: my_name="xyz"
Note:
One more restriction you need to remember is that Python has some built-in keywords (reserved words in Python). You can see the keywords on this website. Click Here
Data Types:-
The term "data type" refers to the classification or categorization of data. They specify the kinds of values variables can store as well as the actions that may be carried out on those values.
The features of the data stored in variables in Python are determined by data types. In Python, the following data types are often used:
a. Number:
int: Indicates an integer value, such as 1, 2, or -3.
float: Represents decimal or floating-point numbers, such as 3.14 or -2.5.
complex: Displays complex numbers, such as 2 + 3j.
b. Sequence:
str: This type of data represents a string of characters, such as "hello" or "world."
list: Displays an ordered group of objects, such as [1, 2, 3], ['apple'], or ['banana'].
Tuple: A representation of an ordered, unchangeable group of objects, such as (1, 2, 3), or ('red', 'blue').
c. Map:
dict: Represents a group of key-value pairs, such as "name: "John," "age: "25."
d. Set:
set: Denotes an unordered grouping of distinct components (like {1, 2, 3}).
e. Boolean:
Boolean values, such as True or False, are represented by the bool data type.
f. None:
Boolean values, such as True or False, are represented by the bool data type.
None: Specifies the absence of a value by way of a special value.
These data types give Python programmes a means to organise and work with various forms of data. Each data type has a unique collection of related operations and functions that let you carry out particular tasks and calculations.
Operators in Python:-
In Python, operators are symbols or special characters that perform specific operations on operands (variables, values, or expressions). They allow you to manipulate data, perform calculations, compare values, and more. Here are the different types of operators in Python:
A. Arithmetic Operators:
Addition (+): Adds two operands.
Subtraction (-): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
Multiplication (*): Multiplies two operands.
Division (/): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
Floor Division (//): Performs integer division and returns the quotient without the remainder.
Modulo (%): Returns the remainder after division.
Exponentiation (**): Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand.
B. Assignment Operators:
Assignment (=): Assigns a value to a variable.
Addition Assignment (+=): Adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Subtraction Assignment (-=): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Multiplication Assignment (*=): Multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Division Assignment (/=): Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Modulo Assignment (%=): Computes the modulus of the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Exponentiation Assignment (**=): Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
C. Comparison Operators:
Equal to (==): Checks if the values of two operands are equal.
Not equal to (!=): Checks if the values of two operands are not equal.
Greater than (>): Checks if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
Less than (<): Checks if the left operand is less than the right operand.
Greater than or equal to (>=): Checks if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
Less than or equal to (<=): Checks if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
D. Logical Operators:
Logical AND (and): Returns True if both operands are True.
Logical OR (or): Returns True if at least one of the operands is True.
Logical NOT (not): Returns the opposite of the operand's logical value.
E. Bitwise Operators:
Bitwise AND (&): Performs a bitwise AND operation on the binary representations of the operands.
Bitwise OR (|): Performs a bitwise OR operation on the binary representations of the operands.
Bitwise XOR (^): Performs a bitwise exclusive OR operation on the binary representations of the operands.
Bitwise NOT (~): Performs a bitwise NOT operation on the binary representation of the operand.
Left Shift (<<): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by the number of positions specified by the right operand.
Right Shift (>>): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by the number of positions specified by the right operand.
F. Membership Operators:
In: Returns True if a value is found in the specified sequence.
Not in: Returns True if a value is not found in the specified sequence.
G. Identity Operators:
Is: Returns True if both operands refer to the same object.
Is not: Returns True if both operands do not refer to the same object.
With the help of these operators, you are able to perform perform a broad variety of tasks in Python, from simple addition and subtraction to complex logical comparisons and manipulations. They are essential for creating expressive and useful programming.
FAQS:
1. What is Variable in Python?
In Python, a variable is a named reference to a value stored in the computer's memory. It is used to store and manipulate data during program execution.
2. What are data types in python?
The term "data type" refers to the classification or categorization of data. They specify the kinds of values variables can store as well as the actions that may be carried out on those values.
3. Most common Data types in Python
int, float, str, list, tuple, set, and dictionary are the most common data types in Python.
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